全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18609篇 |
免费 | 2998篇 |
国内免费 | 7164篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 644篇 |
2022年 | 637篇 |
2021年 | 752篇 |
2020年 | 1112篇 |
2019年 | 1238篇 |
2018年 | 1261篇 |
2017年 | 1227篇 |
2016年 | 1173篇 |
2015年 | 1141篇 |
2014年 | 1219篇 |
2013年 | 1572篇 |
2012年 | 1060篇 |
2011年 | 1117篇 |
2010年 | 840篇 |
2009年 | 1155篇 |
2008年 | 1040篇 |
2007年 | 1149篇 |
2006年 | 1029篇 |
2005年 | 974篇 |
2004年 | 817篇 |
2003年 | 849篇 |
2002年 | 760篇 |
2001年 | 626篇 |
2000年 | 570篇 |
1999年 | 549篇 |
1998年 | 452篇 |
1997年 | 394篇 |
1996年 | 394篇 |
1995年 | 369篇 |
1994年 | 362篇 |
1993年 | 280篇 |
1992年 | 303篇 |
1991年 | 226篇 |
1990年 | 212篇 |
1989年 | 202篇 |
1988年 | 160篇 |
1987年 | 111篇 |
1986年 | 107篇 |
1985年 | 118篇 |
1984年 | 100篇 |
1983年 | 39篇 |
1982年 | 104篇 |
1981年 | 69篇 |
1980年 | 58篇 |
1979年 | 52篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
71.
72.
This study describes the effect of soil fauna and vegetation on the development of landscapes and how these actually control
soil formation, geomorphological development and hydrological response. The study area is located in a semi-natural deciduous
forest on marl in Luxembourg, with a strong texture contrast in the soil at 15–25 cm depth (luvic planosols).
The methodology applied is both based on hydrological and geomorphological field measurements on runoff, sediment yield, perched
water table dynamics, geomorphological survey, pedological survey and measurements related to in situ ectorganic horizon dynamics
and litter decay, soil animal activity, as well as measurements of dynamic soil properties such as soil moisture and swelling
and shrinkage.
The results show that there is a positive feedback between tree type, soil fauna activity and the development of pipes, partial
areas, soils and geomorphology. The landscape can be divided into two main types: Areas where Stellario-Carpinetum vegetation
and partial areas are common and areas with Milio-Fagetum vegetation on dry slopes, which are differentiating more and more
over time as a result of ongoing geo-ecosystem processes, and which also reflected in their sediment yield. The hydrological
response is highly different for both landscape compartments as they are dominated by matrix (Beech) and pipe flow (Hornbeam)
respectively. Soil fauna and tree type drive both soil and geomorphological evolution and they both can be considered as important
ecosystem engineers. 相似文献
73.
YONG-JIANG ZHANG FREDERICK C. MEINZER GUANG-YOU HAO FABIAN G. SCHOLZ SANDRA J. BUCCI FREDERICO S. C. TAKAHASHI RANDOL VILLALOBOS-VEGA JUAN P. GIRALDO KUN-FANG CAO WILLIAM A. HOFFMANN & GUILLERMO GOLDSTEIN 《Plant, cell & environment》2009,32(10):1456-1466
Size-related changes in hydraulic architecture, carbon allocation and gas exchange of Sclerolobium paniculatum (Leguminosae), a dominant tree species in Neotropical savannas of central Brazil (Cerrado), were investigated to assess their potential role in the dieback of tall individuals. Trees greater than ∼6-m-tall exhibited more branch damage, larger numbers of dead individuals, higher wood density, greater leaf mass per area, lower leaf area to sapwood area ratio (LA/SA), lower stomatal conductance and lower net CO2 assimilation than small trees. Stem-specific hydraulic conductivity decreased, while leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity remained nearly constant, with increasing tree size because of lower LA/SA in larger trees. Leaves were substantially more vulnerable to embolism than stems. Large trees had lower maximum leaf hydraulic conductance ( K leaf ) than small trees and all tree sizes exhibited lower K leaf at midday than at dawn. These size-related adjustments in hydraulic architecture and carbon allocation apparently incurred a large physiological cost: large trees received a lower return in carbon gain from their investment in stem and leaf biomass compared with small trees. Additionally, large trees may experience more severe water deficits in dry years due to lower capacity for buffering the effects of hydraulic path-length and soil water deficits. 相似文献
74.
The effects of irrigation and fertiliser regimes on N leaching from the production of couch grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) sod, on a free-draining sandy soil, were evaluated in a 22-month field study. The experimental design used a randomised-block,
split-plot design with three replicates. Main plots consisted of two irrigation treatments: 70 and 140% daily replacement
of pan evaporation; four subplot fertiliser types (water-soluble (predominately NH4NO3), control-release, pelletised poultry manure and pelletised biosolids); and three N application rates (100, 200 and 300 kg
N ha−1 per crop). Nitrogen leaching was assessed by measuring the leachate volumes and concentrations of N species leached from
soil lysimeters (250 mm in diameter by 950 mm in length) installed in 10 m2 turfgrass plots. Nitrogen leaching ranged from 33 to 167 kg N ha−1 over 22 months, depending upon the irrigation and fertiliser treatment. Irrigation treatment affected N leaching more than
fertiliser treatment, and increasing the irrigation from 70 to 140% replacement of daily pan evaporation increased N leaching
for all fertiliser types, and by up to four times. Forty six to 76% of losses occurred from the high irrigation treatments
during the first 16 weeks after the turfgrass was planted as rhizomes. By contrast, N leaching did not appear to increase
following harvest of sod. At the high irrigation treatment, N leaching was greater for the pelletised biosolids than the control-release;
while at the low irrigation treatment, N leaching did not vary between fertiliser types. A significant proportion of the N
leached was in the organic form. Therefore, we recommend total N and mineral N be measured when assessing N leaching from
turfgrass. Nitrogen leaching from turfgrass production is low from all fertiliser types when the irrigation matches turfgrass
water use and N is applied at a rate and frequency that approximates turfgrass requirements.
Section Editor: P. J. Randall 相似文献
75.
76.
Claire Molitor Beatrice Inthavong Lucile Sage Roberto A. Geremia & Bello Mouhamadou 《FEMS microbiology letters》2010,302(1):76-84
We explored the potential of the cox1 gene in the species resolution of soil fungi and compared it with the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and small subunit (SSU)-rDNA. Conserved primers allowing the amplification of the fungal cox1 gene were designed, and a total of 47 isolates of Zygomycota and Ascomycota were investigated. The analysis revealed a lack of introns in >90% of the isolates. Comparison of the species of each of the six studied genera showed high interspecific sequence polymorphisms. Indeed, the average of nucleotide variations (4.2–11%) according to the genus, due mainly to the nucleotide substitutions, led to the taxonomic resolution of all the species studied regarding both ITS and SSU-rDNA, in which <88% were discriminated. The phylogenetic analysis performed after alignment of the cox1 gene across distant fungal species was in accordance with the well-known taxonomic position of the species studied and no overlap was observed between intra- and interspecific variations. These results clearly demonstrated that the cox1 sequences could provide good molecular markers for the determination of the species composition of environmental samples and constitute an important advance to study soil fungal biodiversity. 相似文献
77.
78.
The zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase plays a critical role in inorganic carbon acquisition in marine diatoms, thus conferring on zinc a key role in oceanic carbon cycling. As a first step in determining the location and function of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in Bacillariophyceae, we purified and partially sequenced CA from T. weissflogii (Gru) Fryxell et Hasle (TWCA1) and cloned the corresponding cDNA (twca1). The twca1 sequence is different from other known algal carbonic anhydrase genes, and encodes a protein of roughly 34 kDa. The amino terminal amino acids sequenced from purified TWCA1 are 72 residues downstream of the putative starting methionine predicted by twca1. This difference may be due to the presence of a short-lived signal sequence designed to guide the enzyme to the correct cellular location. The absence of any homology between TWCA1 and previously sequenced CAs from Chlorophyceae may indicate either convergent evolution or that carbon acquisition represents a fundamental physiological difference among algal phyla. 相似文献
79.
Greenhouse tests were conducted to determine the effects of soil temperature and texture on development of Pratylenchus scribneri and the pathogenicity and reproductive rates of this nematode on selected crop plants. In a sandy loam soil, greatest numbers of P. scribneri were found at 30 and 35 C on sudangrass and sugarbeet, respectively. In a silty clay loam, the nematode reproduced best at 35 C on sugarbeet. Higher populations of P. scribneri were found in the sandy loam than silty clay loam soil at corresponding temperatures. In a pathogenicity test, top and root growth of sudangrass and barley were suppressed by the nematode, whereas no significant growth inhibition was found on wheat and alfalfa. Tests with other vegetable and field crops indicated wide variance in nematode reproduction. 相似文献
80.
Yasuo Kato Yasuhisa Asano Akiko Nakazawa Kiyosi Kondo 《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》1990,3(3):207-215
Synthesis of D-alanine oligopeptides from D-alanine methylester hydrochloride has been demonstrated by use of immobilized D-aminopeptidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi (Achromobacter sp.) in non-aqueous media. D-Alanine dimer and trimer were obtained in 56% and 6% yield, respectively, when 250 mM of the substrate was incubated for 3 hours with urethane-prepolymer immobilized D-aminopeptidase (1.5 U/ml) and 3 equivalents of triethylamine in water-saturated toluene. The kcat of this reaction was calculated to be 19,500 (min-1), which is several ten thousand times greater than that of the known enzymatic syntheses of amino acid oligomers. 相似文献